Scientists have discovered the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) - an area between South America and southwestern Africa with a low level of Earth's magnetic field. Satellites, including the International Space Station (ISS), experience increased exposure to solar protons when crossing SAA due to the weakening of the magnetic field protection. Mathematician Wei-Cong Quan noted: 'The SAA can be considered as a result of the weakening of the dipole field in this region.' Research led by physicist Ashlee Greig in 2016 showed the slow drift of the anomaly. By 2020, the SAA split into two minimum centers. Paleomagnetic data from the last 11 million years confirm the periodicity of such phenomena, reducing concerns about a possible pole reversal. Geophysicist Terry Sabaka from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center noted: 'The magnetic field is a superposition of fields from many current sources.' New research continues to enhance our understanding of SAA, emphasizing the importance of long-term monitoring for its prediction and studying fundamental processes in the Earth's interior.